- Elisha Kent Kane, US Arctic naval surgeon and Artic explorer (led expedition to Greenland discover fate of John Franklin), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1857)
- Sidney Lanier, American poet and composer, born in Macon, Georgia (d. 1881)
- Hugo Junkers, German engineer and aircraft designer, born in Rheydt, Rhine Province, Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1935)
- Camille Bombois, French circus wrestler and naïve painter, born in Venarey-les-Laumes, France (d. 1970)
- Edward Sinclair, English actor (Dad's Army), born in Lancashire, England (d. 1977)
- Jim Marshall, American photographer (The Beatles final concert in San Francisco; Woodstock Festival), born in Chicago, Illinois (d. 2010)
- Emile Griffith, American boxer, (world welterweight, middleweight and junior middleweight champion), born in Saint Thomas, US Virgin Islands (d. 2013)
- Jack Fields, American politician (Rep-R-TX, 1981-97), born in Humble, Texas
- Paul A. Rubens and Arthur Wimperis' musical "The Sunshine Girl", with additional songs by and John Golden and Joseph Cawthorne, opens at the Knickerbocker Theatre, NYC, runs for 181 performances
- Paleoanthropologist Davidson Black reports his findings on the ancient human fossils found at Zhoukoudian, China, in the journal Nature and declares them to be a new species he names 'Sinanthropus pekinensis' (now known as 'Homo erectus')
- Baseball owners agree to permit each club up to 14 night games in 1942
- -81°F (-63°C), Snag Yukon (North American record)
- US performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site
- Samuel Ryan Curtis, American politician and Major General (Union Army), born in Champlain, New York (d. 1866)
- Lao She, Chinese writer and playwright (Rickshaw Boy, Teahouse), born in Beijing, China (d. 1966)
- Jim Hartz, American journalist and newscaster (NBC-TV Today, 1974-77; PBS - Innovations), born in Tulsa, Oklahoma (d. 2022)
- Gary Bartlett, New Zealand cricket fast bowler (10 Tests, 24 wickets, BB 6/38; Central Districts, Canterbury, Marlborough), born in Blenheim, New Zealand
- Daddy Yankee [Ramón Rodríguez], Puerto Rican reggaeton singer and rapper ("Despacito"; "Gasolina"), born in San Juan, Puerto Rico