- John Taylor, English poet (An Arrant Thief), born in Gloucester, England (d. 1654)
- Theodor A Freiherr von Neuhoff, German adventurer and King of Corsica [or 8/25], born in Cologne, Germany (d. 1756)
- Charles Follen McKim, American Beaux-Arts architect (McKim Building of the Boston Public Library), born in Chester County, Pennsylvania (d. 1909)
- Betty Dodson, American feminist, sexologist and writer (Sex for One), born in Wichita, Kansas (d. 2020)
- Bob Corker, American politician (Senator from Tennessee), born in Orangeburg, South Carolina
- Craig Kilborn, American television host (ESPN's SportsCenter, 1993-96; The Daily Show, 1996-98; The Late Late Show, 1999-2004), born in Kansas City, Missouri
- Oteil Burbridge, American bassist (Allman Brothers Band, 1997-2014; Dead and Company, 2015-23), born in Washington, D.C.
- Marlee Matlin, American actress and the first deaf performer to win an Academy Award (Children of Lesser God), born in Morton Grove, Illinois
- The Great Colonial Hurricane affects the Virginia Colony at Jamestown
- British airship R-38 crashes into the River Humber, killing 44 people
- XXIX Summer Olympic Games close at the Beijing National Stadium
- Samuel Wanjiru becomes the first Kenyan to win the men's Olympic marathon in Beijing, winning in an Olympic record time; silver medalist Jaouad Gharib of Morocco is also faster than the Olympic record, yet finishes 44 seconds behind
- South Korea records the world's lowest fertility rate at 0.81 (advanced economies average 1.6, population replacement needs 2.1)
- Bartholomeus Pitiscus, German mathematician (Trigonometry), born in Zielona Góra, Poland (d. 1613)
- Rentaro Taki, Japanese pianist and composer, born in Tokyo, Japan (d. 1903)
- Claude Hopkins, American jazz stride pianist, arranger, bandleader, and musical director (Josephine Baker), born in Alexandria, Virginia (d. 1984)
- Roger Donald Dickerson, American pianist, composer (New Orleans Concerto), and educator, born in New Orleans, Louisiana
- Ronee Blakley, American actress (Nashville), and singer-songwriter, born in Nampa, Idaho